Галлахер Р.

Независимый исследователь, Шотландия, AB12 5SA, Абердин, Гарднер Драйв, 170: gallagher_ronnie@yahoo.co.uk

DOI: 10.35714/ggistrat20260100021

Резюме. Выявление гидрогеологических преобразований в Понто-Каспийском регионе в переходный интервал позднего плейстоцена — раннего голоцена по-прежнему представляет одну из ключевых проблем геологии четвертичного возраста. Несмотря на то, что современные модели акцентируют внимание на климатическом факторе и гляциоизостатической адаптации, многочисленные геоморфологические, седиментационные и биологические данные не всегда согласуются с существующими концептуальными представлениями.

Исследование обобщает материалы, полученные по Каспийскому, Чёрному, Средиземному морям и сопредельным территориям, с особым акцентом на геоморфологические особенности Азербайджана. Установлено, что возвышенные террасы, приподнятая береговые линии и выявленные поверхности грязевых вулканов, модифицированные волнами, фиксируются на отметках значительно выше хорошо известного Хвалынского уровня (~+50 м над уровнем моря), что позволяет предположить существование ранее неучтённых гидрологических условий. Кроме того, в исследовании рассматриваются циклы остракодовой фауны, миграции солечувствительных таксонов, аномальные седиментационные последовательности и другие индикаторы изменчивости бассейнов, проявившиеся на территории Евразии в раннем голоцене.

В целом приведённые наблюдения свидетельствуют о том, что региональная гидрологическая система была значительно более динамичной и сложной, чем предполагалось ранее. Вместо рассмотрения изолированных концепций целесообразно опираться на данные, указывающие на существование многофазных систем с колебаниями уровня воды, эпизодическими сбросами бассейнов, стратифицированным режимом течений и изменчивыми связями между Чёрным, Каспийским и соседними бассейнами. В этом контексте ранее предложенная концепция «азиатского Средиземноморья» для расширенного плейстоценового периода рассматривается как рабочая гипотеза, требующая дальнейшего уточнения.

Исследование также даёт основания для переосмысления дискуссий, связанных с повторным соединением Чёрного моря, и выдвигает предположение о фазо-изменяющихся притоках и оттоках через Босфор. Подобный подход способен более полно объяснить имеющиеся данные по сравнению с катастрофическими, либо строго линейными моделями. Более широкие региональные сопоставления, охватывающие Северную Африку и арктическую периферию, свидетельствуют о том, что гидрологические и экологические изменения в рассматриваемый период могли носить синхронный или временно кумулятивный характер.

Хотя представленные здесь интерпретации не являются окончательными, они подчеркивают необходимость проведения комплексных междисциплинарных исследований для дальнейшего уточнения рассматриваемых вопросов.

В будущих исследованиях первостепенное внимание следует уделить геохронологическому датированию береговых линий и террас, отбору кернового материала, гидродинамическому моделированию, а также реконструкции палеобереговых линий на основе цифровых моделей рельефа (ЦМР). Уникальные геоморфологические особенности Азербайджана могут сыграть ключевую роль в решении фундаментальных вопросов, связанных с четвертичной гидрологией Евразии.

Ключевые слова: Понто-Каспийский регион, ранний голоцен, уровень Каспийского моря, гидрология Черного моря, четвертичная палео-гидрология, связанность бассейна, морская трансгрессия, гляциоизостатическое приспособление, палеобереговая линия, «азиатское Средиземноморье»


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